„On average across OECD countries, students who did not spend time on digital devices for learning at school scored 456 points in mathematics (14 % of students were in this category). Students who spent up to one hour per day on digital devices for learning activities in school (31 % of students) scored 25 points higher in mathematics than students who spent no time, on average across OECD countries. Even after accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile, students scored 14 points higher, and this positive relationship is observed in over half of all systems with available data. However, on average across OECD countries, students who spent between 5 and 7 hours per day on digital devices for learning activities in school (7.8 % of students) scored 12 points lower than students who spent between 3 and 5 hours per day; after accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile, the former group of students scored 10 points lower.“
OECD (Hrsg.), PISA 2022 Results, Vol.II. Learning During – and From – Disruption (2023), S. 193f.