The most important components of emergent literacy …

„In the early years, the most important components of emergent literacy are listening comprehension, vocabulary and phonological awareness. These are more predictive of children‘s later literacy skills than other literacy-related development, such as the level of reading and writing skills that children have developed at age 5.“
Rowena Phair, MA, International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study. Assessment Framework (2021), S. 32.