Students who reported constant levels of in-classroom disruption scored on average 30 points less on the PISA reading assessment …

„Students who reported constant levels of in-classroom disruption scored on average 30 points less on the PISA reading assessment than those who did not. […] About 30% reported that students do not listen to the teacher and that there is noise and disorder in every or most lessons.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Crime & punishment (2020), S. 3.