„Austria has become an immigration country following economic and geopolitical developments before and after the fall of the Berlin wall. More than 15 % of the resident population is born abroad and, as of 2018, 16 % was of foreign nationality against 10 % a decade earlier. If natives with foreign-born parents were taken into consideration, around one third of the population is of migrant origin. Baseline demographic projections posit that the net immigration rate – which was around 0.8 % of the total population in 2016 – is expected to stay about this level in the coming decade, gravitating at around 0.6 % by 2030, before gradually declining in the following decades and stabilising at around 0.2 % by 2060. These projections are subject to upward and downward risks, in particular under EU mobility. Integration of immigrants raises challenges for some groups, especially for those who arrived in Austria with low educational capital – in both recent and more distant past. Their integration and well-being depend primarily on their labour market position, which in turn depends strongly on their education and skills. The average schooling background of migrants is not lower than in other countries, however, their position in the Austrian labour market is generally less favourable. They are more concentrated in low-skill occupations, are less represented in higher-skilled positions, and a larger proportion of them are overqualified for their present occupation.”
OECD (Hrsg.), OECD Economic Surveys. Austria 2019 (2019), S. 33f.