Numeracy competence as assessed at school entry is the strongest predictor of later mathematical achievement …

„Studies have shown that numeracy competence as assessed at school entry is the strongest predictor of later mathematical achievement and strongly predicts achievement in other academic domains. Better emergent numeracy skills in childhood are associated with higher socio-economic status in adulthood and with better self-reported health outcomes.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Early Learning and Child Well‑being (2020), S. 81.