„Findings from PISA 2015 indicate that the stratification of academic achievement by SES persist regardless of length of exposure to ECEC programmes. In other words, these results indicate that attendance in ECEC does not lead to reduce performance gap in later academic outcomes between advantaged and disadvantaged students. What is more, even the longest duration of ECEC attendance, i.e. students starting as early as ages one or two, does not achieve any perceivable decrease in the performance gap between the two groups of students.“
Jaime Balladares u. a., Attendance in Early Childhood Education and Care Program (2020), S. 19.