Relying on students’ cell phones at school increases the risk that students use their phones in class for non-educational activities or get distracted by notifications …

„Evidence from PISA 2022 shows that 30 % of students reported becoming distracted by using digital devices in mathematics lessons. […] Relying on students’ cell phones at school increases the risk that students use their phones in class for non-educational activities or get distracted by notifications. By contrast, the use of educational software at school has a more moderately negative association with students’ concentration, suggesting that the use of digital resources with pedagogical intent makes a difference, although it does not completely eliminate distractions.“
OECD (Hrsg.), PISA 2022 Results, Vol.II. Learning During – and From – Disruption (2023), S. 186.